Windows 10 – Wikipedia

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

Select an edition from the drop down menu. Select edition Windows 10 multi-edition ISO. Confirm Privacy. More download options. Visit the Windows Insider site to download Insider Preview builds. Visit the Download Academic Products page for Education editions product key required.

Sign in to your subscription on the Visual Studio Subscriptions portal for available downloads. Give feedback Please select an option. Please select an option. Thank you for your valuable input. You can now download Windows 10 Creators Update ISO files of RTM build after Microsoft today made the large-scale changes and improvements to Windows 10, available to PC and device owners around the world via a manual invocation a week earlier than the official April 11th release date.

Those fortunate individuals who find themselves in the position of owning a Windows powered PC, or alternative device running the latest version of Windows, have long been looking forward to the release of the so-called Creators Update ever since it was officially announced by the software giant company late last year.

Much to the delight of users, Microsoft took the opportunity to announce that the Creators Update would be officially available as part of Patch Tuesday this coming April 11th, but that it would also be available as a manual download seven days early.

That manual installation is available now. Auto-suggest helps you quickly narrow down your search results by suggesting possible matches as you type. Showing results for. Search instead for. Did you mean:. Last reply by bacillus Unsolved. Start a Discussion. This is also known as version March or the Creators Update. The European Commission Windows 10N. Product Key and Activation The Windows

 
 

 

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This is a topic that is near to my heart We have chosen Matlab due to the availability of some inbuilt functions which are helpful to reduce the coding complexity. Still, any other languages or platforms can be used to implement the same. It is assumed that there are no manual annotations available and the proposed approach is capable to process the images without having any prior knowledge.

The final segmented images are constructed by assigning the superpixel to their corresponding cluster centers. These segmented images are helpful to interpret different features from these radiological images. Appl Soft Comput. Published online Feb 3. Author information Article notes Copyright and License information Disclaimer.

All rights reserved. Elsevier hereby grants permission to make all its COVIDrelated research that is available on the COVID resource centre – including this research content – immediately available in PubMed Central and other publicly funded repositories, such as the WHO COVID database with rights for unrestricted research re-use and analyses in any form or by any means with acknowledgement of the original source.

Abstract Due to the absence of any specialized drugs, the novel coronavirus disease or COVID is one of the biggest threats to mankind Although the RT-PCR test is the gold standard to confirm the presence of this virus, some radiological investigations find some important features from the CT scans of the chest region, which are helpful to identify the suspected COVID patients.

Introduction Automated computer-aided systems prove their effectiveness and real-life applicability in various scenarios. Table 1 Some of the related literatures and their brief overview. The calibrated source-to-background curves are used to determine the volume using the iterative thresholding procedure. One major drawback of the system is that it cannot effectively measure small volumes. Wiemker et. This work proposes a divergence theorem and histogram-based Ct image segmentation approach.

This approach is can effectively and optimally isolate the lung nodules from the CT scan images. In this context, the optimality is defined in terms of the mean gradient of the iso-surface and the sphericity. Asari et. This algorithm is consisting of two stages where the first stage employs a global thresholding approach and in the second phase, the differential region growing is used to extract the gastrointestinal lumen from the endoscopic images.

The dynamic hill-clustering approach is used to ascertain the effectiveness of the termination criteria and to look after the growth process. Yu-qian et. Traditional gradient-based edge detection approaches are susceptible to noise and therefore, this approach proposes a novel approach to detect edges of the lung CT scan images using mathematical morphology. This approach is tested on the CT images which are corrupted with the salt-and-pepper noise and its efficiency is proved by comparing this approach with some of the other standard approaches.

It is observed that this approach can efficiently reduce the effect of noise and also can generate precise edges. Falcao et. This approach is highly dependent on the user intervention to efficiently determine the segmented regions and to define the objects. This approach is found to be 3 to 15 times faster compared to manual tracing.

This approach can be applied almost independently to the applications. One main problem associated with this method is the difficulties associated with the choice of slabs and orthogonal slices which has a serious impact on the efficiency of this approach. Pan et. The proposed approach addresses the problem of discontinuous edges and dependency on the initialization which are associated with the traditional edge detection approaches.

In this work, the intensity of the gradient images is modeled as the concentration of the nutrients and the property of the bacteria Escherichia coli.

The edges are highlighted as the paths of the bacteria. Although this approach performs well and comparative study shows the effectiveness of the proposed approach still, one problem of this approach is not very robust to noise. Noise can lead to crumpled edges. This approach is not also suitable to handle overlapped cells. Ji et. Traditional fuzzy C-means clustering approach does not consider the spatial information and less robust to noise.

This work proposes a modification which is known as the weighted image patch-based FCM. In this work, pixels are replaced with the weighted patches which is helpful to incorporate spatial information in the segmentation process. It is helpful to increase the reliability of the overall segmentation process but it also increases the computational overhead drastically. Agrawal et.

This work proposes a novel hybrid approach which is based on the genetic algorithm and the bacterial foraging algorithm. The combination of these two approaches is used to optimize the objective function of the fuzzy c-means clustering. The final cluster centers are obtained using a method called optimum boundary point detection.

This approach cannot determine the optimal number of clusters automatically and produces inaccurate results if the predefined clusters and the actual number of clusters differ. This approach is based on intuitionistic fuzzy set theory and it is known as the intuitionistic fuzzy C means clustering.

In this work, a novel objective function which is known as intuitionistic fuzzy entropy is incorporated with the traditional fuzzy C-means clustering. This approach is applied to different CT scan images to prove its efficiency. Miao et. This approach can be divided into two phases where the first phase incorporates a dictionary learning method to handle the noise. In the second phase, this dictionary learning approach is hybridized with the Improved fuzzy c-means clustering approach.

The proposed approach is not efficient for medical images with inhomogeneous intensity distribution. Open in a separate window. A brief overview of the artificial cell swarm optimization procedure This is a recently developed metaheuristic procedure that is inspired by the artificial cell division procedure. The incorporated modifications are listed below [47] : i. The artificial cells are not depending on the current state to participate in the cell division process.

Fuzzy C-means clustering based on type 2 fuzzy system The proposed approach adopts the type 2 fuzzy logic-based clustering approach to effectively model and handle the random uncertainties.

A point with higher uncertainty has a lesser impact on the overall clustering process and vice-versa. It helps to achieve more realistic results. Proposed method of superpixel computation The ever-growing technology allows us to increase the quality of the image acquisition hardware.

Table 3 Details of the CT scan images under test. Proposed superpixel coupled fuzzy ACSO approach-based segmentation The conventional fuzzy C-means clustering approach often overlooks some important spatial information that can be costly in terms of the segmentation performance.

Dataset description CT scan images of the chest region are collected from the COVID positive patients from different geographic regions. Experimental results The experiments are performed in the MatLab Ra on a computer that is equipped with an Intel i3 processor and 4 GB main memory. Table 4 Performance evaluation of different approaches using Davies—Bouldin index The highlighted values indicates acceptable values. Image Id Algorithm No. Table 5 Performance evaluation of different approaches using Xie—Beni index The highlighted values indicates acceptable values.

Table 6 Performance evaluation of different approaches using Dunn index The highlighted values indicates acceptable values. Table 8 Comparison of the proposed approach with the active contour method. Study of the convergence rate The rate of convergence is an important parameter to be studied. Analysis of the complexity The time complexity is an important aspect that is to be analyzed.

Discussion 6. Threats to validity The obtained results indicate that the proposed approach is suitable for real-life scenarios and also performs efficiently.

Limitations Although the proposed approach is efficient enough to segment the CT scan images automatically and produces realistic segmented outcomes still, some important drawbacks can be observed in this proposed approach that can be addressed in the subsequent works. Conclusion This article proposes a novel, simple and elegant solution that uses some of the important features of the chest CT scan images to screen the COVID suspected patients easily and at an early phase which can be considered as an effective tool to reduce the drastic spread of this virus.

Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper. Acknowledgments The authors would like to express their gratitude and thank the editors, anonymous reviewers, and referees for their valuable comments and suggestions which are helpful in further improvement of this research work.

Software setup The system in which the experiments are carried out is equipped with the Microsoft Windows 7 64 bit operating system. References 1. Kim T. Learning full pairwise affinities for spectral segmentation. IEEE Trans.

Pattern Anal. Chakraborty S. In: Chakraborty S. IGI Global; An overview of biomedical image analysis from the deep learning perspective. Object Recognit. Motion Detect. Video Process. A study on different edge detection techniques in digital image processing; pp. Libbrecht M. Machine learning applications in genetics and genomics. Tang C. IEEE Int. BIBE Interrelated two-way clustering: An unsupervised approach for gene expression data analysis; pp.

In: Appl. IGI GLobal; An advanced approach to detect edges of digital images for image segmentation. Expert Syst. Multi-Objective Optim. Springer Singapore; Singapore: Application of multiobjective optimization techniques in biomedical image segmentation—A study; pp.

Springer; An optimized intelligent dermatologic disease classification framework based on IoT; pp. Hore S. An integrated interactive technique for image segmentation using stack based seeded region growing and thresholding. IEEE; Contrast optimization using elitist metaheuristic optimization and gradient approximation for biomedical image enhancement; pp.

Opto-Electronics Appl. Optronix An integrated method for automated biomedical image segmentation. Mesejo P. A survey on image segmentation using metaheuristic-based deformable models: State of the art and critical analysis.

Soft Comput. Chen X. IEEE Rev. In: Adv. Metaheuristic Comput. Dey N. Intelligent computing in medical imaging: A study; pp. Campadelli P. Notes Comput. Including Subser. Notes Artif. Notes Bioinformatics Springer Verlag; Liver segmentation from CT scans: A survey; pp. Litjens G. A survey on deep learning in medical image analysis.

Image Anal. Jentzen W. Segmentation of PET volumes by iterative image thresholding. Wiemker R. Optimal thresholding for 3D segmentation of pulmonary nodules in high resolution CT. Asari K. A fast and accurate segmentation technique for the extraction of gastrointestinal lumen from endoscopic images.

Zhao Y. IEEE Eng. Medical images edge detection based on mathematical morphology; pp. A 3D generalization of user-steered live-wire segmentation. Pan Y. Cell image segmentation using bacterial foraging optimization. Fuzzy c-means clustering with weighted image patch for image segmentation. Agrawal S. A study on fuzzy clustering for magnetic resonance brain image segmentation using soft computing approaches.

Chaira T. A novel intuitionistic fuzzy C means clustering algorithm and its application to medical images. Miao J. Local segmentation of images using an improved fuzzy C-means clustering algorithm based on self-adaptive dictionary learning. Signal Process. Ding W. Fuzzy Syst. Unlike Windows 8, OEMs are no longer required to make Secure Boot settings user-configurable, meaning that devices may optionally be locked to run only Microsoft-signed operating systems.

Windows 10 version and later do not support Intel Clover Trail system-on-chips, per Microsoft’s stated policy of only providing updates for devices during their OEM support period. Starting with Windows 10 version , Microsoft will require new OEM devices to use bit processors, and will therefore cease the distribution of x86 bit variants of Windows 10 via OEM channels. The bit variants of Windows 10 will remain available via non-OEM channels, and Microsoft will continue to “[provide] feature and security updates on these devices”.

The maximum amount of RAM that Windows 10 can support varies depending on the product edition and the processor architecture. Windows 10 supports up to two physical processors. Windows 10 received generally positive reviews, with most reviewers considering it superior to its predecessor Windows 8.

The Edge browser was praised for its performance, although it was not in a feature-complete state at launch. While considering them a “great idea in principle”, concerns were shown for Microsoft’s focus on the universal app ecosystem:. It’s by no means certain that developers are going to flock to Windows 10 from iOS and Android simply because they can convert their apps easily. It may well become a no-brainer for them, but at the moment a conscious decision is still required.

Engadget was similarly positive, noting that the upgrade process was painless and that Windows 10’s user interface had balanced aspects of Windows 8 with those of previous versions with a more mature aesthetic. Cortana’s always-on voice detection was considered to be its “true strength”, also citing its query capabilities and personalization features, but noting that it was not as pre-emptive as Google Now.

Windows 10’s stock applications were praised for being improved over their Windows 8 counterparts, and for supporting windowed modes. The Xbox app was also praised for its Xbox One streaming functionality, although recommending its use over a wired network because of inconsistent quality over Wi-Fi. In conclusion, it was argued that “Windows 10 delivers the most refined desktop experience ever from Microsoft, and yet it’s so much more than that.

It’s also a decent tablet OS, and it’s ready for a world filled with hybrid devices. And, barring another baffling screwup, it looks like a significant step forward for mobile.

Heck, it makes the Xbox One a more useful machine. On the other hand Ars Technica panned the new Tablet mode interface for removing the charms and app switching, making the Start button harder to use by requiring users to reach for the button on the bottom-left rather than at the center of the screen when swiping with a thumb, and for making application switching less instantaneous through the use of Task View.

Microsoft Edge was praised for being “tremendously promising”, and “a much better browser than Internet Explorer ever was”, but criticized it for its lack of functionality on-launch. In conclusion, contrasting Windows 8 as being a “reliable” platform albeit consisting of unfinished concepts, Windows 10 was considered “the best Windows yet”, and was praised for having a better overall concept in its ability to be “comfortable and effective” across a wide array of form factors, but that it was buggier than previous versions of Windows were on-launch.

Critics have noted that Windows 10 heavily emphasizes freemium services, and contains various advertising facilities. Some outlets have considered these to be a hidden “cost” of the free upgrade offer. Due to the high system requirements of its Windows 10’s successor Windows 11 , some critics have cited Windows 10 being better than its successor and have warned not to switch to Windows 11 given its high system requirement despite very limited new features compared to Windows Up to August , Windows 10 usage was increasing, with it then plateauing , [] while eventually in , it became more popular than Windows 7 [] [] though Windows 7 was still more used in some countries in Asia and Africa in As of March [update] , the operating system is running on over a billion devices, reaching the goal set by Microsoft two years after the initial deadline.

Twenty-four hours after it was released, Microsoft announced that over 14 million devices were running Windows According to StatCounter, Windows 10 overtook Windows 8. For one week in late November , Windows 10 overtook first rank from Windows 7 in the United States, before losing it again. In mid-January , Windows 10 had a slightly higher global market share than Windows 7, [] with it noticeably more popular on weekends, [] while popularity varies widely by region, e.

Windows 10 was then still behind in Africa [] and far ahead in some other regions e. Windows 10 Home is permanently set to download all updates automatically, including cumulative updates, security patches, and drivers, and users cannot individually select updates to install or not. Concerns were raised that because of these changes, users would be unable to skip the automatic installation of updates that are faulty or cause issues with certain system configurations—although build upgrades will also be subject to public beta testing via Windows Insider program.

An example of such a situation occurred prior to the general release of the operating system, when an Nvidia graphics card driver that was automatically pushed to Windows 10 users via Windows Update caused issues that prevented the use of certain functions, or prevented their system from booting at all.

Criticism was also directed towards Microsoft’s decision to no longer provide specific details on the contents of cumulative updates for Windows Some users reported that during the installation of the November upgrade, some applications particularly utility programs such as CPU-Z and Speccy were automatically uninstalled during the upgrade process, and some default programs were reset to Microsoft-specified defaults such as Photos app, and Microsoft Edge for PDF viewing , both without warning.

Further issues were discovered upon the launch of the Anniversary Update “Redstone” , including a bug that caused some devices to freeze but addressed by cumulative update KB, released on August 31, , [] [] and that fundamental changes to how Windows handles webcams had caused many to stop working. A Gartner analyst felt that Windows 10 Pro was becoming increasingly inappropriate for use in enterprise environments because of support policy changes by Microsoft, including consumer-oriented upgrade lifecycle length, and only offering extended support for individual builds to Enterprise and Education editions of Windows Critics have acknowledged that Microsoft’s update and testing practices had been affecting the overall quality of Windows In particular, it was pointed out that Microsoft’s internal testing departments had been prominently affected by a major round of layoffs undertaken by the company in Microsoft relies primarily on user testing and bug reports via the Windows Insider program which may not always be of sufficient quality to identify a bug , as well as correspondence with OEMs and other stakeholders.

In the wake of the known folder redirection data loss bug in the version , it was pointed out that bug reports describing the issue had been present on the Feedback Hub app for several months prior to the public release. Following the incident, Microsoft updated Feedback Hub so that users may specify the severity of a particular bug report. When announcing the resumption of ‘s rollout, Microsoft stated that it planned to be more transparent in its handling of update quality in the future, through a series of blog posts that will detail its testing process and the planned development of a “dashboard” that will indicate the rollout progress of future updates.

Microsoft was criticized for the tactics that it used to promote its free upgrade campaign for Windows 10, including adware -like behaviors, [] using deceptive user interfaces to coax users into installing the operating system, [] [] [] [] downloading installation files without user consent, [] [] and making it difficult for users to suppress the advertising and notifications if they did not wish to upgrade to In September , it was reported that Microsoft was triggering automatic downloads of Windows 10 installation files on all compatible Windows 7 or 8.

Microsoft officially confirmed the change, claiming it was “an industry practice that reduces the time for installation and ensures device readiness. Other critics argued that Microsoft should not have triggered any downloading of Windows 10 installation files without user consent. In October , Windows 10 began to appear as an “Optional” update on the Windows Update interface, but pre-selected for installation on some systems.

A Microsoft spokesperson said that this was a mistake, and that the download would no longer be pre-selected by default. In March , some users also alleged that their Windows 7 and 8. It was concluded that these users may have unknowingly clicked the “Accept” prompt without full knowledge that this would begin the upgrade.

On January 21, , Microsoft was sued in small claims court by a user whose computer had attempted to upgrade to Windows 10 without her consent shortly after the release of the operating system. The upgrade failed, and her computer was left in a broken state thereafter, which disrupted the ability to run her travel agency.

However, in May , Microsoft dropped the appeal and chose to pay the damages. Shortly after the suit was reported on by the Seattle Times , Microsoft confirmed it was updating the GWX software once again to add more explicit options for opting out of a free Windows 10 upgrade; [] [] [] the final notification was a full-screen pop-up window notifying users of the impending end of the free upgrade offer, and contained “Remind me later”, “Do not notify me again” and “Notify me three more times” as options.

In March , Microsoft announced that it would display notifications informing users on Windows 7 devices of the upcoming end of extended support for the platform, and direct users to a website urging them to upgrade to Windows 10 or purchase new hardware. This dialog will be similar to the previous Windows 10 upgrade prompts, but will not explicitly mention Windows Privacy advocates and other critics have expressed concern regarding Windows 10’s privacy policies and its collection and use of customer data.

Users can opt out from most of this data collection, [] [] but telemetry data for error reporting and usage is also sent to Microsoft, and this cannot be disabled on non-Enterprise editions of Windows Rock Paper Shotgun writer Alec Meer argued that Microsoft’s intent for this data collection lacked transparency, stating that “there is no world in which 45 pages of policy documents and opt-out settings split across 13 different settings screens and an external website constitutes ‘real transparency’.

The Russian government had passed a federal law requiring all online services to store the data of Russian users on servers within the country by September or be blocked. But Microsoft is held to a different standard than other companies”. The Microsoft Services agreement reads that the company’s online services may automatically “download software updates or configuration changes, including those that prevent you from accessing the Services, playing counterfeit games, or using unauthorized hardware peripheral devices.

In September , Microsoft hid the option to create a local account during a fresh installation if a PC is connected to the internet. This move was criticized by users who did not want to use an online Microsoft account. In late-July , Windows Defender began to classify modifications of the hosts file that block Microsoft telemetry servers as being a severe security risk. From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Redirected from Windows 10 Fall Creators Update.

This is the latest accepted revision , reviewed on 20 December This article is about the operating system for personal computers. For the related now discontinued operating system for mobile devices, see Windows 10 Mobile. For the series of operating systems produced from to , see Windows 9x. Closed-source source-available through the Shared Source Initiative Some components free and open-source [1] [2] [3] [4].

List of languages. For the Windows versions produced from to , see Windows 9x. For the Windows version following Windows 8, see Windows 8. Main article: Features new to Windows See also: List of features removed in Windows Main article: List of typefaces included with Microsoft Windows.

Main article: Windows 10 editions. See also: Windows Insider. Main article: Windows 10 version history. Main article: Criticism of Windows This section duplicates the scope of other articles , specifically Criticism of Windows Please discuss this issue on the talk page and edit it to conform with Wikipedia’s Manual of Style by replacing the section with a link and a summary of the repeated material or by spinning off the repeated text into an article in its own right.

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